Murabahah in Islamic Commercial Law Application within Islamic Banking Essay

Murabahah in Islamic Commercial Law Application inside Islamic Banking and Finance Industry - Essay Example Presently there are in excess of 200 Islamic money related foundations everywhere throughout the world. In reality, Murabahah is a term related with Islamic Fiqh, which shows to a specific sort of offer, and it has nothing to do with financing. Islamic researchers despite everything contend that, the organizing of Murabahah financing is somewhat not the same as the overdraft office arranged along regular lines as the previous one offers various advantages to the bank and its clients. Truth be told, murabahah as a methods for money was allowed by the Sharia researchers with specific conditions. Except if these conditions are completely watched, murabahah isn't admissible. As indicated by Sharia, if the conditions are disregarded, the exchange gets void or useless. â€Å"Murabaha is a deal contract for selling a predetermined thing at a commonly concurred increase (benefit) added to the buy price† (Trade Based Financing Murabaha Cost-Plus Sale) n.d.). Issues in Murabahah 1 . Protections againstâ the Murabahah Payments got from deal are called receivables, and for this reason, the customers are approached to give a security. 2. Ensuring Murabahah The dealer can demand the customer to give aâ thirdâ party ensure. The assurance doesn’t have the alternative to charge expense from the customer. The explanation is that, an individual who is accused of an expense for propelling credit may fall under the meaning of riba. . 3. Penalty of Non-Payment: on the off chance that a customer neglects to make installment of the expense on the due date, the charge ought not be expanded. â€Å"In Murabahah financing, when the cost is fixed, it can't be increased† (Important Issues Involved in Murabahah n.d.). 4. â€Å"Rollover inâ the Murabahah† (Roll Over in Murabahah 2011): Once an item is sold through Murabahah, its ownership moves from the bank to the customer, and along these lines the vender might not have any privilege on the property. The dealer can guarantee just the cost concurred. 5. Rebate on Former Payments: Occasionally a few account holders frequently prefer to pay before an ideal opportunity to acquire limits. Anyway inside Islam, an enormous area of Muslim researchers just as the significant ways of thinking view this as un ­Islamic. Then again, if the Islamic bank or the budgetary establishment gives someone a rebate all alone, it isn't hostile, especially if the customers are penniless. The Significant Issue in Murabahah Financing. The subject of discussion among the cutting edge Shariah researchers is that the bank or agent can go for a genuine deal while the customer demands Murabahah financing from the bank, in light of the fact that the required ware, at this stage isn't controlled by the bank, and the individual can't sell products not controlled by him nor would he be able to encourage a forward deal. It is additionally concluded that the item which is sold is given as a security to the merc hant. A few researchers have the conclusion this should be possible simply after the purchaser has attempted its conveyance and not preceding that. Basically Discuss and Analyze the Discourse from the Different Legislations and Jurisdictions by Presenting the Islamic Finance Cases that Have Come Before the Courts. Islamic banking signifies an arrangement of banking movement or banking that is solid with the standards and rules of Islamic law (Sharia), and its down to earth application throughout the development of Islamic financial matters. â€Å"Sharia forbids† the installment of expenses for loaning money (Riba, usury) on explicit conditions, notwithstanding putting resources into organizations that offer products or administrations estimated in opposition to its standards (Haraam, illegal). Simultaneously, as these standards were utilized as the help base for a thriving money related framework in before times, it is just in the late twentieth century that various Islamic b anks were made to apply these standards to semi-private

Human Resourses Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Personal Impact Paper free essay sample

Once began the indications are incessant and deep rooted with times of abatement in the middle of episodes of dynamic side effects. Diagnosing CD might be protracted, requiring non †intrusive just as obtrusive tests. A check of the stool could show dying, a blood test may demonstrate iron deficiency or the immune response related with Crohn’s. Stomach x beam could demonstrate intestinal divider thickening. Doctors may need to do colonoscopy, biopsy to analyze the ailment ( Harvard Heath). Album is named an incendiary Bowel Disease (IBD) (Neighbors Tannehill - jones, 2006). Disc can be an incapacitating illness and can influence all parts of person’s life seriously as found on account of SM. Utilizing a contextual investigation of a person with Crohn’s ailment, I will address how the CD sway on patient’s social, money related, and individual life, how patient found out about her malady and instructive experience while finding out about her ceaseless sickness. I need to utilize the underlying rather than complete name to ensure the patient’s security. SM , a multi year old educator with two more youthful kids from Michigan admitted to our clinic with drying out and frailty. She has been grisly looseness of the bowels for a half year and starting determined to have colitis by her essential consideration doctor who gave her anti-infection agents and steroid which help her indications improving. Multi day prior her loose bowels turned out to be exceptionally serious and reached as regularly as 15 to 17 times each day, joined by extreme torment and stomach squeezing, loss of hunger, and feeling of stomach completion. This has made it progressively hard for her to leave her home or go to work. â€Å" I sense that I am my very own detainee restroom . SM has gotten ill humored and discouraged. She has shed 40 pounds, created obscured vision, and is developing facial hair. Her skin began to strip and split. She is enlarged and her face is swollen. Her better half has documented a separation since she was unable to deal with youngsters , family ,in addition to budgetary emergency, and she is terrified in light of the fact that she is secured under her husbandâ €™s clinical protection. Effect of Cronh’s infection can be broad on an individual’s social, monetary, and individual as found in MS case. She was unable to work and just get 60% of her pay , in addition to clinical cost, unfit to take care her family, and her two small kids so cause her better half documented separation. Besides, she is secluded from her colleague and companion since she is too feeble to even think about participating any social movement. All above caused her downturn. Concurring (Coheb. J. D, 1995) â€Å" long haul pressure and rehashed emergency give ripe ground to individual maladaptive working just as making powerlessness for useless family conduct. When psychosocial difficulties endure after some time and are left unattended, different type of brokenness emerge† (p . 18). So clinician was counseled for MS to help adapting to her conclusion, her incapacitating side effects ,and her significant other petitioning for legal separation. Misery can be situational and may help in permitting MS to voice her sentiments, and diminishing her uneasiness. The clinician gave her more data about her infection, assist her with adapting to her day by day battles, and gave her consolation as another emotionally supportive network. The clinician has attempted to illuminate her better half in regards to MS’s infection procedure and her pressure could intensify its indications. Mentoring the couple could diminish conjugal struggle and maybe help MS and her better half to discover shared ground and spare their marriage. The specialist disclosed to MS in a nutshell about her analysis and treatment alternatives which incorporate medication treatment, sustenance supplement, herbs, and medical procedure. The medical caretakers as indicated by MS and her better half proficiency level and lucidness made the broche with pictures, DVD to teach them how to manage the sickness. Utilizing Bloom’s scientific categorization, intellectual space to support the patient and family to have information as following: 1. What is Chron’s illness, how accomplish the prescription work, what is the fundamental reactions, how to take the meds, what are complexities so the patient and her family can take an interest her clinical consideration. 2. Instructions to keep up ideal sustenance: parental nourishment (PN) is utilized when manifestations of touchy gut ailment are serious. In the event that oral nourishments are endured little, visit, low buildup taking care of are given to keep away from over distending the stomach and animating peristalsis. It is significant for the patient to confine action to ration vitality, diminish peristalsis and calorie prerequisites. 3. Step by step instructions to advance rest: it is essential to support action inside the constraints of the patient’s limit. The medical attendant proposes bed rest for a patient who is febrile , has visit diarrheal stools or is dying. 4. The most effective method to adapt to the pressure and uneasiness: showing the patient the craft of pressure help without medications can give the patient a feeling of authority over certain side effects. For example, biofeedback, routine exercise, unwinding works out, breathing strategies, knead, and so on. As indicated by (Mirkka et al, 2008) â€Å" patients expect utilitarian information about self consideration and how it influences their wellbeing. Notwithstanding understanding the illness and treatment, patients anticipate that social information about by what method should associate treatment at home. Patients anticipate that social information about by what means should interface treatment with work, side interests and public activity, patients additionally expect that their family ought to find out about their disease, home consideration, and how to partake in treatment. â€Å" ( p. 250) After completing the above instructing, MS and her significant other acknowledged the realities and malady, communicated all the inclination and worries to the medical caretaker. While permitting MS to investigate her inclination toward he determination, the attendant could urge her to set present moment and long - term objectives. In what capacity will MS adapt to torment today? What techniques for torment control might MS want to keep on investigating in the days to come (Bloom’s Taxonomy full of feeling area)? When the objectives setting, MS and her significant other work together to conform to treatment, follow clinical exhort. Money related systems will put a gigantic cost for MS’s air. The medical caretaker enrolling the assistance of social work can assist her with creating plans for future caring needs. Social work can help her to apply for other wellbeing plans that will bolster her alone. In the event that she has no other emotionally supportive networks set up, social work can help her with home wellbeing nursing for her recuperation period and budgetary help , on the off chance that she should be off from work for an all-inclusive time. MS’s battles are many, however to guarantee her effective recuperation we should use all the assets of our multidisciplinary associates, just as our nursing information. We should produce into results what the patient’s finding, anticipation, and encounters are so we can give her the most obvious opportunity with regards to endurance with her sickness.

Drugs And Crime Essay Example For Students

Medications And Crime Essay Utilize government charge dollars to subsidize these remedial networks in detainment facilities. I feelthat on the off chance that we show these detainees some poise and option lifestylesthat we can shield them from reappearing the jails once they get out. I am alsogoing to portray some of todays programs that have demonstrated to be veryeffective. Gottfredson and Hirschi built up the general hypothesis of wrongdoing. ItAccording to their hypothesis, the criminal demonstration and the criminal guilty party areseparate ideas. The criminal demonstration is seen as happenstance; illegalactivities that individuals take part in when they see them to be beneficial. Violations are submitted when they guarantee compensations with least danger of torment orpunishment. Violations that give simple, momentary satisfaction are oftencommitted. The quantity of guilty parties may continue as before, while wrongdoing ratesfluctuate because of the measure of chance (Siegel 1998). Criminal guilty parties arepeople that are inclined to carrying out violations. This doesn't imply that theyhave no decision in the issue, it just implies that their restraint level islower than normal. At the point when an individual has constrained discretion, they will in general be moreimpulsive and foolish. This connects back to wrongdoings that are committedthat give simple, transient satisfaction. These individuals don't necessarilyhave a propensity to carry out wrongdoings, they simply don't take a gander at long-termconsequences and they will in general be foolish and egotistical (Longshore 1998,pp.102-113). These individuals with lower levels of restraint draw in innon-c riminal goes about also. These demonstrations incorporate drinking, betting, smoking, andillicit sexual action (Siegel 1998). Additionally, sedate use is a typical demonstration that isperformed by these individuals. They don't take a gander at the results of the drugs,while they get the transient satisfaction. At times this medication misuse becomesan habit and afterward the individual will carry out other little violations to get the drugsor them cash to get the medications. In a mid-western examination done by Evans et al. (1997, pp. 475-504), there was a huge connection between self-controland utilization of illicit medications. The issue is before these individuals get into the criminaljustice framework, it is difficult to get them out. After they do their time and arereleased, it is a lot simpler to be sent back to jail. When they are out, theyrevert back to their hasty selves and proceed with the main sort of lifethey know. They know transient delight, the handy solution if youwill. Being bolted up with a great many others in a similar circumstance asthem won't transform them by any stretch of the imagination. They crush parole and are sent spirit toprison. Since the second 50% of the 1980s, there has been a huge development inprison and prison populaces, proceeding with a pattern that began during the 1970s. The extent of medication clients in the imprisoned populace additionally developed at thesame time. Before the finish of the 1980s, around 33% of those sent to stateprisons had been indicted for a medication offense; the most noteworthy in the countryshistory (Reuter 1992, pp. 323-395). With the appearance of break use in the1980s, the solid connection among medications and wrongdoing got more grounded. The useof cocaine and heroin turned out to be extremely pervasive. Brutality on the boulevards that iscaused by drugs got the publics consideration and that put focus on the policeand courts. Therefore, more captures were made. While it might appear to be acceptable atfirst that these individuals are bolted up, with a subsequent look, things are not thatgood. The expense to John Q. Citizen for a detainee in Ohio for a year is around$30,000 (Phipps 1998). That gets truly costly when you consider that thereare in excess of 1,100,000 individuals in United States detainment facilities tod ay (Siegel 1998). Numerous detainees are being held in nearby correctional facilities due to congestion. This risein populace is to a great extent because of the quantity of detainees spending time in jail for drugoffenses (Siegel 1998). This is the place helpful networks become an integral factor. The term helpful network has been utilized in a wide range of structures oftreatment, including private gathering homes and exceptional schools, and differentconditions, as psychological instability, liquor addiction, and medication misuse (Lipton 1998,pp.106-109). In the United States, restorative networks are utilized in therehabilitation of medication addicts all through jail. These people group include atype of gathering treatment that centers more around the individual an entire and not all that muchthe offense they submitted or their medication misuse. They utilize a network ofpeers and good examples instead of expert clinicians. They center onlifestyle changes and will in general be increasingly comprehensive (Lipton 1998, pp. 106-109). Bygetting detainees to take an interest in these projects, the detainees can break theiraddiction to drugs. By liberating themselves from this fixation they can changetheir lives. These restorative networks can show them some poise andways that they can coordinate their energies into progressively profitable things, such assports, religion, or work. Seven out of each ten men and eight out of each tenwomen in the criminal equity framework utilized medications with some consistency earlier toentering the criminal equity framework (Lipton 1998, pp. 106-109). With that manypeople in jails that are utilizing drugs and the association between medicate use andcrime, at that point if there was any achievement whatsoever it appears as though it would be a stage inthe right bearing. A significant number of these guilty parties won't look for a reformwhen they are in the network. They feel that they don't have the opportunity tocommit to experience a program of recovery. It bodes well, at that point, thatthey ought to get treatment while in jail since one thing they have plentyof is time. In 1979, around four percent of the jail populace, or about10,000, were getting treatment through the 160 projects that were availablethroughout t he nation (National Institute on Drug Abuse 1981). Forty-nine ofthese programs depended on the remedial network model, which servedaround 4,200 detainees. In 1989, the level of detainees that participatedin these projects developed to around eleven percent (Chaiken 1989). Some incompletesurveys state today that over a large portion of the states give some type of treatment totheir detainees and around 20% of recognized medication utilizing guilty parties areusing these projects (Frohling 1989). The general population began understanding that drugabuse and wrongdoing were on the ascent and that something must be done about it. Partition methods in criminological scienceIn this examination, they found a direct connection between decreased recidivism ratesand time spent in the program just as the degree of treatment achieved. Thisstudy found that it was the accomplishment of level advancement as opposed to time in thetreatment that was generally significant. The investigations done on New Yorks Stayn Outprogram and Delawares Key-Crest program are a portion of the principal huge scaleevidence that jail based helpful networks really produce asignificant decrease in recidivism rates and show a consistency after some time. Theprograms of the past accomplished work, however before the greater part of the projects were privatelyfunded, and when the assets ran out in seven or eight years, so did the projects. Presently with the administration backing these kinds of projects, they should proceed toshow a diminishing in recidivism. It is substantially more financially savvy to treat theseinmates. A program like Stayn Out expense about $3,000 to $4,000 more than thestandard remedial expenses per prisoner every year (Lipton 1998, pp. 106-109). In aprogram in Texas, it was figured that with the cash spent on 672 guilty parties thatentered the program, 74 recidivists would need to be kept from returning tobreak even. It was assessed that 376 recidivists would be shielded from returningusing the restorative network program (Eisenberg and Fabelo 1996, pp. 296-318). The reserve funds created in wrongdoing related and tranquilize use-related costspay for the expense of treatment in around a few years. The primary questionthat emerges when managing this subject is whether individuals change. As indicated by Gottfredson and Hirschi, the individual doesn't change, just theopportunity changes. By isolating themselves from individuals that carry out violations andcommonly take drugs, they are really keeping away from the chance to perpetrate thesecrimes. They don't place themselves in the circumstance that would permit their lowself-control to dominate. Beginning associations with individuals who exhibitself-control and cutting off associations with the individuals who don't is a main consideration inthe recurrence of carrying out violations. Dependence treatment is significant tothis countrys war on drugs. While these abusers are imprisoned it providesus with an amazing chance to give them treatment. The won't seektreatment all alone. Without treatment, the odds of them proceeding onwith their past conduct are high. Be that as it may, with the treatment programs we havetoday, things may be gazing upward. The examinations done on the different programs,such as New Yorks Stay n Out and Delawares Key-Crest program, demonstrate thatthere are practical ways accessible to treat these detainees. Arethey savvy, however they are additionally demonstrated to lessen recidivism ratessignificantly. These discoveries are extremely steady all through all of theresearch, there are not contradicting sees. I accept that we can successfully treatthese detainees while they are imprisoned and they can be discharged intosociety and be gainful, not ruinous. Nothing else has attempted to thispoint, we owe it to them, and all the more critically, we deserve it. We canagain have a sense of security in the city after dull, and we don't need to go through so muchof our cash to do it. BibliographyBibliographyBall, J.C., J.W. Shaffer, and D.N. Nurco. 1983. Everyday guiltiness ofheroin addicts in Baltimore: an examination in the coherence of offense rates. Drugand Alcohol Dependence. 12: 119-142. Beckett, K. 1994. Setting the PublicAgenda: Street Crime and Drug Use in American Polit ics. SocialProblems. 41(3): 425-447. Chaiken, M.R. 1989. In-Prison Programs forDrug-Involved Offenders. Research in short. Was

The Feeling of Blame free essay sample

God, I loathed when she did that. Each time a decent show was airing, Carolina needed to place her minor dazed face before the screen in spite of the fact that she splendidly comprehended that what she was doing was unsavory for me. Fortunately, she waved while she went to the kitchen. The show started once more, and I increased the volume. Immediately I heard a blast! It was anything but a typical pound; this voiceless sound joined a sentiment of hopelessness, with a severe sentiment of blame. A horrendous picture entered my thoughts. Might it be able to truly occur? Was it conceivable that my more youthful sister had recently tumbled from the subsequent floor? Decisively, I hopped from the dormancy instigating couch and moved my tiny and gaunt feet. I arrived at the metal balustrade, took a full breath, and set out to look first floor. It had occurred. There was Carolina lying on the virus ground. We will compose a custom article test on The Feeling of Blame or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Her legs were traversed each other, and her thin arms were all the way open. Her eyes shut. Shut. I felt hot red blood flushing through my body. It had all been my flaw. Hours prior I had chosen to slide down the railing, and clearly she had honestly tailed me and done likewise. She had consistently been frightened of it, however today she was most certainly not. Today she was resolved to give me how valiant and gallant she truly was, yet I intentionally fell on the narrow-mindedness of obliviousness and ignored her first preliminary. Subsequent to seeing her, I entered a condition of vulnerability; I didn't have the foggiest idea how to continue. My more youthful sister was lying oblivious on the stone floor. I had occasioned this. My emotions were loaded with frailties, would i say i was the killer of my sister? Is it true that i would be kept separate from the family? I was unable to stand up and face my folks after what I had done. I was unable to be called their little girl any longer. I would have been a disgrace to my sibling and sister, who had confided in me to deal with the most youthful of our individuals, and I had fizzled. Blame went through my body like a harmful toxin. There was no chance to get of halting it; it had just spread. I accumulated everything that is in me and lifted her up. She felt so light, so frail thus delicate, as though she was nearly broken and an uncalculated move could destroy her. Giving the initial move towards my parent’s room was perhaps the hardest choice I needed to confront. It resembled ending it all. I realized that what was coming ahead would wreck me and break me into million little pieces, yet I did it in any case. My sister was increasingly significant. I needed to spare her. My means were getting snappier and stronger, much the same as my heart thumps. I conveyed her to my mom’s room, I could even now feel the cheerful air inside it, and realized that I would have been answerable for penetrating it with a noxious and deadly conclusion. When my mother saw perhaps the most established girl conveying her most youthful child, I felt frustration. Carolina could never wake up again. My mother’s face turned pale white, her eyes extended, and she let out a grating wheeze. Quickly, she took Carolina from my arms and hollered out for help. My father came, and as a modified robot, called 911. He was continually attempting to show his smoothness towards each circumstance, however this one was extraordinary. This time it was not going to be as simple for him to imagine that everything would have been fine. Three hours had passed, and I had been inside my white, impartial room, where I had spent such a significant number of evenings under my bed blankets perusing stories to my sister, stories where she and I went through unfamiliar terrains considering our next experience. My arms and legs were tight near my body, crating a similar position I generally did when I felt dangerous. My more seasoned sibling was with me, while the rest where in the clinic. He got the telephone, talked in a soft tone, stood up, and came to embrace me while he rehashed to himself: express gratitude toward God. Carolina endure. She had floundered in the middle of death and life, yet by one way or another she is with us today. That sentiment of blame never left. It continues pounding through my chest day and night. Time has diminished its torment, however it is a memory that will consistently leave a saline flavor. I had nearly lost my buddy, lost my counselor, lost my sister, however particularly lost my closest companion.

Essay Topic: What Should I Use to Write a Good Essay Topic For the School Essay?

Essay Topic: What Should I Use to Write a Good Essay Topic For the School Essay?If you are looking for the right essay topic for the school essay that you are writing, then here are a few helpful tips on what to use. You should read them so that you will be more prepared to succeed.There are different types of essays that deal with different situations such as deforestation, tree plantation, and logging. So, let us see which one you will have to write. For the most part, the choices you will have been either, animal protection or environmental protection.The second and third most important deforestation essay topics that you will need to know about is carbon emission and global warming. But, before going over each of these topics, make sure that you have already written a good essay topic.Another very important topic is forest protection. Here, you will have to address the issue of animals, plants, climate change, ecosystem protection, and the environment. You will also have to exami ne how one animal species can affect the biodiversity of a certain ecosystem, as well as how carbon emission affects the environment. You may also want to write about any aspect of the human species that can help in this respect.It is also essential that you have to write about how biodiversity and ecosystems are affected by deforestation, especially when it comes to their natural habitats and local ecological systems. There are specific species and locations where these topics will have to be discussed in depth.Also, in writing your essay, you have to research and understand the conservation issues in order to write about them. This means that you have to know about endangered species, endangered habitats, marine life, and land mammals. You have to learn about them, study their behavior, and consider their impact on the species as well as their habitats.The last tip that I can give you for writing a topic is to think about what you would like to discuss. Do you just want to talk ab out the subject itself? Or do you want to touch on a specific aspect of the subject that you want to discuss?These tips are an essential piece of advice in the key area of writing the best essay topic. After all, knowing about the topics that are important to your essay writing career is essential to having a great grade on the final assignment.

Jamie Tyrone The Foghorn Personified - Literature Essay Samples

It is often said that mother knows best, and depending on who ones mother is, this may or may not hold true. However, in the case of Jamie Tyrone, his mother certainly has a clear grasp of his situation, and shows it through the strikingly accurate portrait she paints of him: hes always sneering at someone else, always looking for the worst weakness in everyone. But I suppose life has made him like that, and he cant help it, (ONeill 63). As A Long Days Journey Into Night advances, Jamies mother shows an obvious understanding regarding the failures of her and her husband as parents, as well as the subsequent failures of Jamies youth that resulted. These scars still deeply pain him, yet at the same time have given him his grounded view of the present, setting him up for the unique role in all of the Tyrones lives that only he is fit to play. Very early on in the play, it is made quite clear to the reader that Jamies childhood was neither stable nor happy. Much of this stems from his miserly father, who, despite being an enormously wealthy actor, has an idea of money, or rather of stinginess, ingrained in him that is not unlike that of his poor Irish forefathers. He never had the desire, or, for that matter, saw the need to provide his family with a home they could truly call their own (save a cheaply-built summer house), often dragging them from one dirty, second-rate hotel to the next on his tours. This, in many ways, left the family feeling cut-off from the rest of the world since they were unable to entertain company. Such isolation left Mr. Tyrone the only strong male role model in Jamies life, thereby imparting to Jamie his fathers own alcoholism. As Mary puts it: You brought him up to be a boozer. Since he first opened his eyes, hes seen you drinking, (113). Yet, unlike his father, who famously never missed a performance, Jamie could not handle his alcohol quite so well. His weak ambition, a remnant of his scattered, lonely childhood years, was dealt a further blow by the bottle, causing him to lose even the small grain of seriousness that had before been present in his life. Ultimately, he flunked out of school and let his talent for acting go to waste, relying on his father to win him parts so he could support his addiction as well as his taste for loose women (for no suitable one would have him). In short, his life as it stands can be summarized by Edmunds recitations of Baudelaires Epilogue, particularly the last line: I love thee, infamous city! Harlots and Hunted have pleasures of their own to give, The vulgar herd can never understand. (136) Paradoxically, while the need to escape his bitter reality is now among Jamies list of reasons to continue drinking, he has a better hold on his circumstances than any one of the other three family members. The hard falls hes taken and the life-altering mistakes hes made cause him to remain grounded and prone to cynicism, often leaving him the first to point out the harsh truths the rest of the Tyrones would rather ignore. In a way, he is a personification of the foghorn situated near the familys sea-side summer house. Just as the foghorn deters ships from natural fog, he drives both his parents and his brother from the blissful fog of their own ignorance. He is the first to point out Marys return to her morphine addiction, the first to state the obvious about Edmunds health (that he had contracted tuberculosis) and the first to truly voice how badly his fathers cupidity had damaged the people around him, all things the rest of them would rather pretend werent true. This is the first reason his father states he has a damn sneering serpents tongue, an allusion to the paradise-destroying serpent of the Bible (111). The second reason, again alluding to Genesis, has to do with the way Jamie purposely brings down Edmund (just as the serpent successfully brought down Adam and Eve) through his poor advice and example. At first, this statement may seem to contradict his unequivocal shows of love and protection for his brother, but that is only until one realizes that his attempts at sabotage are not premeditated, but rather subconscious. He cares for Edmund, he wants him to succeed, but at the same time theres a small part of him, a dead part, that wants his sibling to fail. Its the part of Jamie responsible for all of his self-hatred, the part that makes him not want to wallow in failure alone. However, all of that could be better stated in his own words as he drunkenly confronts Edmund: What I wanted to say is, Id like to see you become the greatest success in the world. But youd better be on your guard. Because Ill do my damndest to make you fail. Cant help it. I hate myself. Got to take revenge. On everyone else. Especially you. [] The dead part of me hopes you wont get well. Maybe hes even glad the game has got Mama again! He wants the company, he doesnt want to be the only corpse around the house. (169) Ultimately, it could be said that all of the contempt Jamie harbors for himself and the way his life turned out is what makes him so apt to share his observations of other family members shortcomings and tragedies. However, his refusal to remain silent on the issues that surround the Tyrones make him and integral part of ONeills masterpiece. He becomes a valuable tool for the progression of the story, taking it upon himself to dig up past issues and current secrets. While he definitely has his flaws, his portrayal leaves no doubt of his good heart, as well as the personal brand of reality he brings to the Tyrone family and the play alike.

Essay on Ethnic Literature - 1266 Words

The Power in a Name The term â€Å"ethnic† when in conjunction with the word â€Å"literature† in the academic discourse community of students, often brings out mixed feelings of excitement and dread. On the one hand, students understand that they will be getting away from the canonical American literature – which can equal boring in their eyes; on the other hand, students interpret the term â€Å"ethnic literature† to mean distinctive – which can equal confusing or ambiguous – and perhaps at times not relatable because it is outside their scope of experiences. Perhaps before jumping into why it matters, the term â€Å"ethnic literature† should be defined first and because I am still learning how to interpret this term myself, I searched for a suitable†¦show more content†¦At this deeper level I am trying to get at, I find John M. Reilly’s article â€Å"Criticism of Ethnic Literature: Seeing the Whole Story† helpful in acquiring th is. He states that, â€Å"the assertion of ethnicity in literature can be made only through a procedure by which the writer resolves formal problems... what moves from recognition of identity to creation of a strategy for handling reality still is not literature until the individual author sustains her or his ethnic identity through a sequence of formal choices† (4). I am interpreting this to mean that as a reader of this literature, I should see and feel throughout the story (perhaps subtlety) that in some way, the characters mindset (and perhaps actions) in the story differ from my own specifically because of the culture they have grown up in in, which has shaped that character’s thinking. There are thoughts and feelings – ideas, I don’t understand without further explanation from the author, which is sometimes provided, and sometimes not. An example of this is in Brando Skyhorse’s novel The Madonnas of Echo Park, I find myself wondering what the significance of the jacaranda trees mentioned in different parts of the book. Looking up what they are, it becomes apparent to me as jacaranda trees are native toShow MoreRelatedEthnic Literature : Ethnic American Literature1381 Words   |  6 Pagesto introduce and analyze the topic of Ethnic American Literature. Specifically it will discuss the meaning and definition of Ethnic American literature. Ethnic American literature is a rich and varied treasure of poetry, fiction, drama, and much more. Written by some of America s greatest authors, this ethnic legacy opens up a world of diversity to readers, but it also illustrates the struggles and prejudice that still exist in our country today. 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I looked up the â€Å"Week One Letter† to the student and re-read the description and goal of the course. Dr. Doe stat ed in the letter that, â€Å"we will be reading a variety of literature for a better understanding of the ideals, values, and attitudesRead Morephilippine literature1582 Words   |  7 Pagesenough to dry up the --- sea.   No matter how deep the   --- stream, its depth can be fathomed; the really difficult task is to find a good heart. Before the Christianization of the Philippines, Filipinos had established a heritage of precolonial literature consisting of epics, tales, songs, riddles, and proverbs. With the earliest discoveries dating back to 50000 years ago, this period of Philippine literary History is considered the longest. ---It is often forgotten that the tribal Filipinos hadRead MoreSocial Groups : An Essential Part Of Humanity1074 Words   |  5 Pagesactually an understatement. Social groups are practically omnipresent. It’s already possible to speak of a social group when two or more humans interact with each other and share similar characteristics. Think about women, immigrants, professions, ethnic minorities but also families, friends and church members. Only someone who lives as a recluse in complete isolation from society can be considered ‘non-member’. The importance of social groups is clearly present when you take a look at the mediaRead MoreReflecting on Literature and Community in The Lesson† by Toni Cade Bambara1101 Words   |  5 Pages Also, it is not uncommon for people to write about a fictional community that is based from their own community. As community affects how we write, writing can also affect the community. In other words, communities influence authors of literature and literature can also influence communities. Language is how we express ourselves. There are many different languages in our world. Within those languages there are different dialects. Those dialects are affected by the communities that use themRead More Personal, Social, and Cultural Contexts Established by the Frame Story in MAUS1635 Words   |  7 PagesPersonal, Social, and Cultural Contexts Established by the Frame Story in MAUS  Ã‚      The use of the frame story, an overarching narrative used to connect a series of loosely related stories, pervades literature. An example of a frame story on a large scale - tying together a whole book-length work, not a simple short story - can be found in Art Spiegelmans graphic novel MAUS. Each of the narratives six sections is framed with snatches of the interaction between Vladek and Art during the interview

Women Celebrities of World War II

With the 20th centurys movie industry making many women (and men) into well-known celebrities, and the star system extended into other fields such as sports as well, it was only natural that some stars would find ways to use their celebrity to support the war effort. The Axis Actress In Germany, Hitler used propaganda to support his war effort. Actress, dancer, and photographer Leni Riefenstahl made documentary films for the Nazi Party during the 1930s and Hitlers consolidation of power. She escaped punishment after the war after a court found that she was not herself a Nazi party member. Acting Allies In America, films and plays promoting participation in the war and anti-Nazi films and plays were also part of the overall war effort. Women actresses played in many of these. Women also wrote some of them: Lillian Hellmans 1941 play, The Rhine, warned of the rise of the Nazis. Entertainer Josephine Baker worked with the French Resistance and entertained troops in Africa and the Middle East. Alice Marble, a tennis star, secretly married an intelligence operative and when he died, was convinced to spy on a former lover, a Swiss banker, suspected of having records of Nazi finances. She found such information and was shot in the back, but escaped and recovered. Her story was told only after her death in 1990. Carole Lombard made her final film as a satire about the Nazis and died in a plane crash after attending a war bond rally. President Franklin D. Roosevelt declared her the first woman to die in the line of duty in the war. Her new husband, Clark Gable, enlisted in the Air Force after her death. A ship was named in Lombards honor. Perhaps the most famous pin-up poster in World War II showed Betty Grable in a swimsuit from the back, looking over her shoulder. The Varga Girls, drawn by Alberto Vargas, were also popular, as were photos of Veronica Lake, Jane Russell, and Lane Turner. Fundraising In New Yorks theater world, Rachel Crothers started the Stage Womens War Relief. Others who helped to raise funds for war relief and the war effort included Tallulah Bankhead, Bette Davis, Lynn Fontaine, Helen Hayes, Katharine Hepburn, Hedy Lamarr, Gypsy Rose Lee, Ethel Merman, and the Andrews Sisters. Giving Back To the Troops The USO Tours or Camp Shows which entertained troops in the US and overseas drew many women entertainers, too. Rita Hayworth, Betty Grable, the Andrews Sisters, Ann Miller, Martha Raye, Marlene Dietrich, and many lesser-knowns were ​a  welcome relief for the soldiers. Several all-girl bands and orchestras toured, including the International Sweethearts of Rhythm, one of the rare racially-mixed groups.

The Laws Of The Bible - 1238 Words

Without the addition of emotion stories would become harder to enjoy, much like a school textbook. To combat this problem, authors create emotion by using certain words and phrases to engage the reader further into the story. These words and phrases can additionally be used to help readers better connect and understand characters within a story. Hester Gray is an elderly christian lady who values honesty over life. She is a sister to Margaret Lester and a twin of Hannah Gray. Hester lives her life according to the Christian Ten Commandments and believes the rules should not be broken under any circumstances; however, she later learns that her priority over saving her own soul over others is pure selfishness, which unknowingly contradicted†¦show more content†¦Margaret Lester, mother of Helen Lester and sister to Hester and Hannah Gray, is a loving parent who wishes this best for her family. She was diagnosed with a deadly disease called Typhoid leaving her bedridden and quar antined. Due to her quarantine, she is only allowed to see Hester, leaving Helen without a mother. As a result of the abandonment of her daughter she is trapped in a consistent feeling of grief and sorrow. To combat this feeling of loneliness, Margaret and Helen Send love notes to each other as a form of communication. â€Å"She wrote fond little love-notes to her mother, in which she concealed her illness; and these the mother read and reread through happy eyes wet with thankful tears, and kissed them over and over again, and treasured them as precious things under her pillow.† (Twain 13). The unconditional love between a mother and child is one of the strongest relationship bonds that exist. This love is challenged many times throughout the course of life, but can sometimes defeat its struggles which in turn solidify its strength. Sadly, situations, such as the separation or death, is a fear that is too real at times. As a result, it causes a continuous search to once strengthen that love once again from both parties. Every character has a specific set of traits and personalities. A setting can used to exemplify or highlight these traits much like a child s bedroom or a villain s lair. In combination, these two assist in making a character

Heat Transfer free essay sample

Heat transfer Heat transfer is the transition of thermal energy from a hotter object to a cooler object (object in this sense designating a complex collection of particles which is capable of storing energy in many different ways). When an object or fluid is at a different temperature than its surroundings or another object, transfer of thermal energy, also known as heat transfer, or heat exchange, occurs in such a way that the body and the surroundings reach thermal equilibrium, this means that they are at the same temprature. If this ratio permits, it shows that the body has relatively high internal conductivity, such that (to good approximation) the entire body is at the same uniform temperature throughout, even as this temperature changes as it is cooled from the outside, by the environment. If this is the case, these conditions give the behavior of exponential decay with time, of temperature of a body. We will write a custom essay sample on Heat Transfer or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In such cases, the entire body is treated as lumped capacitance heat reservoir, with total heat content which is proportional to simple total heat capacity C , and T, the temperature of the body, or Q = C T. Here, T(t) is the temperature at time t, and T(0) is the initial temperature at zero time, or t = 0. If: is defined as  : where is the initial temperature difference at time 0, then the Newtonian solution is written as: Uses: For example, simplified climate models may use Newtonian cooling instead of a full (and computationally expensive) radiation code to maintain atmospheric temperatures. One dimensional application, using thermal circuits A very useful concept used in heat transfer applications is the representation of thermal transfer by what is known as thermal circuits. A thermal circuit is the representation of the resistance to heat flow as though it were an electric resistor. The heat transferred is analogous to the current and the thermal resistance is analogous to the electric resistor. The value of the thermal resistance for the different modes of heat transfer are calculated as the denominators of the developed equations. The thermal resistances of the different modes of heat transfer are used in analyzing combined modes of heat transfer. The equations describing the three heat transfer modes and their thermal resistances, as discussed previously are summarized in the table below: In cases where there is heat transfer through different media (for example through a composite), the equivalent resistance is the sum of the resistances of the components that make up the composite. Likely, in cases where there are different heat transfer modes, the total resistance is the sum of the resistances of the different modes. Using the thermal circuit concept, the amount of heat transferred through any medium is the quotient of the temperature change and the total thermal resistance of the medium. As an example, consider a composite wall of cross- sectional area A. The composite is made of an L1 long cement plaster with a thermal coefficient k1 and L2 long paper faced fiber glass, with thermal coefficient k2. The left surface of the wall is at Ti and exposed to air with a convective coefficient of hi. The Right surface of the wall is at To and exposed to air with convective coefficient ho. Using the thermal resistance concept heat flow through the composite is as follows: Insulation and radiant barriers Thermal insulators are materials specifically designed to reduce the flow of heat by limiting conduction, convection, or both. Radiant barriers are materials which reflect radiation and therefore reduce the flow of heat from radiation sources. Good insulators are not necessarily good radiant barriers, and vice versa. Metal, for instance, is an excellent reflector and poor insulator. The effectiveness of an insulator is indicated by its R- (resistance) value. The R-value of a material is the inverse of the conduction coefficient (k) multiplied by the thickness (d) of the insulator. The units of resistance value are in SI units: (K ·m? /W)

Willy Loman A Tragic Hero free essay sample

This paper contrasts and compares the character of Willy Loman in Arthur Millers play, Death of a Salesman, and Aristotles definition of a tragic hero in Poetics. This paper focuses on the character of Wily Loman and finds out how the man fits the description of a tragic hero as given by Aristotle in his book, Poetics. Willy Loman is the leading character of Arthur Millers play titled Death of a Salesman which appeared in 1949. The author of this paper feels that Willy Loman is unable to distinguish between reality and illusion. Using examples from the play, the author shows how Loman feels that he and his son are successful businessmen but in reality he is a weak fellow who is incapable of turning his dreams into reality. Aristotle also clearly said that a tragic hero was not someone who brought misfortune upon himself through some accident. For example while Brutus was a tragic hero, Julius Caeser himself cannot be categorized as one because the latter as killed by those whom he had trusted while the former ruins himself because of a series of errors. We will write a custom essay sample on Willy Loman: A Tragic Hero or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Therefore it is clear that a tragic hero is the one who commits series of mistakes and therefore ultimately ruins himself and meets a tragic end. Willy Loman too did not become suicidal all of a sudden, he committed grave errors form time to time because he failed to acknowledge the importance of hard work and thus finally met a tragic death which was more a result of living in an imagery world than anything else.

Lowering The Legal Drinking Age To 18 Essays - Drinking Culture

Lowering the Legal Drinking Age to 18 The legal drinking age in the United States is set at twenty-one years of age. I believe that considering twenty-one as the legal age of maturity is ridiculous. Who is to say that just because an individual is twenty-one means that they are mature enough to consume alcohol in a responsible manner? Changing the legal drinking age to eighteen should be enforced. Eighteen year-old individuals can take on many adult responsibilities, but they do not have the right to consume alcohol. Many feel this is unfair and biased. There is a tremendous controversy over whether to keep the legal drinking age at twenty-one, or to lower it to the legal age of adulthood, 18. Congress passed the National Minimum Purchase Age Act in 1984. This law was passed to encourage each state to change their legal drinking age to twenty-one years of age. The congress believed that if they raised the minimum drinking age that it would save a significant number of lives. They figured that a twenty-one year old person was more mature than the average eighteen year-old. That, in my opinion, was a huge mistake. Just because a person lives to be twenty-one does not determine how mature they are. For example, there are many teenagers in the world that are considerably more mature than the average twenty-one year-old. The determination of legality in drinking should not be age, but rather maturity and ability to handle responsibility. The twenty-one restriction seems out of date in today's society. Many parents of today's teenagers were legally allowed to drink at the age of eighteen. Today's teenagers face more responsibility and are treated much differently from the way their parents were treated. If twenty-one is considered so mature, then why is eighteen considered an adult? At the age of eighteen, an individual can vote, serve on a jury, stay out without a curfew, leave home, drive, smoke, buy weapons, engage in financial contracts, fornicate, start a family, be sent to adult prison, join the army, and die for this country. If an eighteen year-old can be held to so many responsibilities, then it seems unfair to say that they are not old enough to drink. At eighteen, a person can even have a closed container of alcohol in their possession, but they cannot drink it. That is absurd! Setting the legal age to purchase and consume alcohol is unrealistic in today's way of life. Prohibiting the sale of alcohol to peo ple under the age of twenty-one may cause habits such as binge drinking and alcohol abuse. It just causes a rebellion. Keeping the age at twenty-one makes it seem as if an eighteen year-old is not a real adult. Drinking is then viewed as a glamorous activity since it is only for adults. Then, in rebellion, those underage will just find a way around it. For example, many have fake identification cards, steal alcohol from their parents' liquor cabinets, or even put another person in jeopardy by asking someone whom is twenty-one to illegally purchase the alcohol for the underage drinkers. This kind of deceitful attitude does not encourage responsible drinking habits. In addition, this gives young individuals the urge to drink even more when they get older so that they could make up for their so-called lost time, hence causing alcoholism. The argument against changing the legal drinking age has many issues. Studies show that there was a thirteen- percent decline in the number of single-vehicle nighttime crashes among eighteen through twenty year-olds after the drinking age was raised to twenty-one. I believe that there will always be people that will drink and drive, and there is nothing anyone can do to completely stop it. The answer is not to raise the drinking age, but rather to educate more thoroughly the dangers of drinking alcohol to the youth. The United States is one of the few countries with such a prohibitive drinking age. In Europe, teenagers learn how to drink gradually, not excessively. In France, Spain and Portugal, the per capita consumption of alcohol is greater than in the United States, but the rate of alcoholism and alcohol abuse is still lower. That is the effect of educated

CEEB Code Lookup Step-by-Step Guide

CEEB Code Lookup Step-by-Step Guide SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips What on earth is a CEEB code anyway? As you may know, it's really just an identification number, though there's a bit more to it than that. So the real question becomes: why do I care about CEEB codes? Well, CEEB codes are the identifiers that help get SAT (and other) data communicated to the correct high schools, colleges, test centers, etc. In fact, they're a crucial part of the SAT process. Now, while CEEB codes are necessary to register for the SAT and to get your scores reportedto the right schools and scholarship programs, most online forms have an automatic CEEB code lookupand fill-in feature that lets you skip that process yourself. There are still a few reasons you might need to look up your CEEB code, though. For instance, not all formsare online, and not all online forms have the auto-fillfeature,so you may find yourself in need of that number as you communicate with the College Board or a college. // CEEB Code Lookup Process No matter what CEEB code you need or why you need it, you'll want to start in the same place- the College Board website. While this officialoption is probably your best bet, bear in mind that there are other places to look up this data. A quick Google search should reveal a handful of schools and other higher education organizations providing their own tools for the process. // There are several types of locations, organizations, etc. that can be identified by CEEB codes. Let's take some time to walk through each of them. The search will be elementary, my dear Watson. High School Codes // CEEB codes for high schools are six digits long. From our home base, you're ready to dive in. If you're in the United States, leave the first field as is (if not, pick the appropriate country): Next, choose your school's state: // Then, you'll need to actually type in the name of your school's city: Finally, type your school's five-digit zip code (if you know it), and hit the submit button: If you don't know the zip code, you can still hit submit. In fact, you can leave blank any field you don't knowand still do asearch: You can now choose your school from the list of results. There's only one in this example, but if more than one school comes up, they'll be listed in alphabetical order. They don't have to look so cheery about everything, am I right? // Test Center Codes Test centers have CEEB codes that are five digits long. The process for finding CEEB codes for test centers is very similar to finding them for schools, yetit branches offearly. From home base, go ahead and click the "Find Test Centers" link: That should take you to a page that looks something like this: Go ahead and do what it says: select the test date (if you know it). Then, keep on going: // You'll note that the country and state (where applicable) are required this time around. At any rate, fill out what you can and hit the submit button: You'll see a list of all the test centers in the given area that allow testing on the date you specified. What better way to celebrate scholastic achievement than with a funny hat? // College and Scholarship Codes These CEEB codes are four digits long. This processis not assnazzy and up-to-date as the other categories'. Start at the College Board's home base. Go ahead and choose the relevant option, either "SAT Code List: Domestic Edition" for anything within the United States, or "SAT Code List: InternationalEdition" for anything outside the United States. Clicking on the appropriate link will take you to a large pdf with very small print. The relevant portion of the document starts on page 20 of the domestic booklet (page eight of the international booklet). The good news is that the pdf should be searchableon your computer; so, if, for instance, finding the "College and Scholarship Progam Codes" portion of the book, looking up New Hampshire, and trying to find Dartmouth College is daunting, you can try pressing Ctrl+F and typing in the school'sname. You can also zoom in. College Major Codes These CEEB codes are three digits long. This process is exactly the same as for Colleges and Scholarships (see above), only the relevant portion of the document starts on page 27 of the domestic booklet (page 15 of the international booklet). What are you passionate enough about to major in? Country Codes These CEEB codes are also threedigits long. Once again, the process is exactly the same as for Colleges and Scholarships (see above), only you must elect the international edition. The list starts on page three. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. // What If I Can't Find My CEEB Code? Okay, that's all well and good, but what if you still can't find your CEEB code? One option is to make a phone call to the school (if you're looking up a school), or to the organization that has requested the form you're filling out. Never be afraid to contact the entity for which you're completing a form. Also, sometimes there may be a "Can't Find" option on the form which will enable you to enter the information manually. Also, note that 970000 is the CEEB code for homeschooling, 000003 is the code for an unlisted domestic school, and 000004 is the code for an unlisted international school. If you really, truly can't find the code anywhere, put down all zeroes, i.e. 000000. Sometimes, you just can't find an answer. Conclusion: Tips for CEEB Code Lookup CEEB codes are funny little numbers. In this article, we've gone over what they are and when they're needed.Let's review some key points: Most forms that require CEEB codes will auto-fill them for you. If you're looking for a CEEB code, the best place to start is the College Board website. 970000 is the CEEB code for homeschooling, 000003 is the code for an unlisted domestic school, and 000004 is the code for an unlisted international school. If you can't find the code you need, look for a "Can't Find" option or enter all zeroes. Now, go forth and CEEB! What's Next? Do a little poking around to see what else there is to know about CEEB codes, whether they're called CEEB codes or SAT codes. Also, make sure you're thoroughly prepared to make the SAT count. Discover how to study for the test in the best way possible. If you're gearing up to use CEEB codes to send your scores to a college, pause a moment to do some reading about what you should know first. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

The 1780s Crisis and the Causes of the French Revolution

The 1780s Crisis and the Causes of the French Revolution The French Revolution resulted from two state crises which emerged during the 1750s–80s, one constitutional and one financial, with the latter providing a tipping point in 1788/89 when desperate action by government ministers backfired and unleashed a revolution against the Ancien Regime. In addition to these, there was the growth of the bourgeoisie, a social order whose new wealth, power, and opinions undermined the older feudal social system of France. The bourgeoisie were, in general, highly critical of the pre-revolutionary regime and acted to change it, although the exact role they played is still hotly debated among historians. Maupeou, the Parlements, and Constitutional Doubts From the 1750s, it became increasingly clear to many Frenchmen that the constitution of France, based on an absolutist style of monarchy, was no longer working. This was partly due to failures in government, be they the squabbling instability of the kings ministers or embarrassing defeats in wars, somewhat a result of new enlightenment thinking, which increasingly undermined despotic monarchs, and partly due to the bourgeoisie seeking a voice in the administration. The ideas of public opinion, nation, and citizen emerged and grew, along with a sense that the states authority had to be defined and legitimized in a new, broader framework which took more notice of the people instead of simply reflecting the monarchs whims. People increasingly mentioned the Estates General, a three-chambered assembly which hadnt met since the seventeenth century, as a possible solution that would allow the people- or more of them, at least- to work with the monarch. There wasnt much demand to replace the monarch, as would happen in the revolution, but a desire to bring monarch and people into a closer orbit which gave the latter more say. The idea of a government- and king- operating with a series of constitutional checks and balances had grown to be vitally important in France, and it was the existing 13 parlements which were considered- or at least considered themselves- the vital check on the king. However, in 1771, the parlement of Paris refused to cooperate with the nations Chancellor Maupeou, and he responded by exiling the parlement, remodeling the system, abolishing the connected venal offices and creating a replacement disposed towards his wishes. The provincial parlements responded angrily and met with the same fate. A country which had wanted more checks on the king suddenly found that those they had were disappearing. The political situation seemed to be going backwards. Despite a campaign designed to win over the public, Maupeou never gained national support for his changes and they were canceled three years later when the new king, Louis XVI, responded to angry complaints by reversing all the changes. Unfortunately, the damage had been done: the parlements had been clearly shown as weak and subject to the kings wishes, not the invulnerable moderating element they wished to be. But what, thinkers in France asked, would act as a check on the king? The Estates General was a favorite answer. But the Estates General hadnt met for a long time, and the details were only sketchily remembered. The Financial Crisis and the Assembly of Notables The financial crisis which left the door open for revolution began during the American War of Independence, when France spent over a billion livres, the equivalent of the states entire income for a year. Almost all the money had been obtained from loans, and the modern world has seen what overstretched loans can do to an economy. The problems were initially managed by Jacques Necker, a French Protestant banker and the only non-noble in the government. His cunning publicity and accounting- his public balance sheet, the Compte rendu au roi, made the accounts look healthy- masked the scale of the problem from the French public, but by the chancellorship of Calonne, the state was looking for new ways to tax and meet their loan payments. Calonne came up with a package of changes which, had they been accepted, would have been the most sweeping reforms in the French crowns history. They included abolishing lots of taxes and replacing them with a land tax to be paid by everyone, including th e previously exempt nobles. He wanted a show of national consensus for his reforms and, rejecting the Estates General as too unpredictable, called a hand-picked Assembly of Notables which first met at Versailles on February 22nd, 1787. Less than ten were not noble and no similar assembly had been called since 1626. It was not a legitimate check on the king but meant to be a rubber stamp. Calonne had seriously miscalculated and, far from weakly accepting the proposed changes, the 144 members of the Assembly refused to sanction them. Many were against paying new tax, many had reasons to dislike Calonne, and many genuinely believed the reason they gave for refusing: no new tax should be imposed without the king first consulting the nation and, as they were unelected, they couldnt speak for the nation. Discussions proved fruitless and, eventually, Calonne was replaced with Brienne, who tried again before dismissing the Assembly in May. Brienne then tried to pass his own version of Calonnes changes through the parlement of Paris, but they refused, again citing the Estates General as the only body which could accept new taxes. Brienne exiled them to Troyes before working on a compromise, proposing that the Estates General would meet in 1797; he even began a consultation to work out how it should be formed and run. But for all the goodwill earned, more was lost as the king and his government began forcing laws through using the arbitrary practice of lit de justice. The king is even recorded as responding to complaints by saying its legal because I wish it (Doyle, The Oxford History of the French Revolution, 2002, p. 80), further fueling worries over the constitution. The growing financial crises reached its climax in 1788 as the disrupted state machinery, caught between changes of the system, couldnt bring in the required sums, a situation exacerbated as bad weather ruined the harvest. The treasury was empty and no-one was willing to accept more loans or changes. Brienne tried to create support by bringing the date of the Estates General forward to 1789, but it didnt work and the treasury had to suspend all payments. France was bankrupt. One of Briennes last actions before resigning was persuading King Louis XVI to recall Necker, whose return was greeted with jubilation by the general public. He recalled the Paris parlement and made it clear he was just tiding the nation over until the Estates General meet. Bottom Line The short version of this story is that financial troubles caused a populace who, awakened by the Enlightenment to demand more say in government, refused to solve those financial issues until they had a say. No one realized the extent of what would happen next.

The 1780s Crisis and the Causes of the French Revolution

The 1780s Crisis and the Causes of the French Revolution The French Revolution resulted from two state crises which emerged during the 1750s–80s, one constitutional and one financial, with the latter providing a tipping point in 1788/89 when desperate action by government ministers backfired and unleashed a revolution against the Ancien Regime. In addition to these, there was the growth of the bourgeoisie, a social order whose new wealth, power, and opinions undermined the older feudal social system of France. The bourgeoisie were, in general, highly critical of the pre-revolutionary regime and acted to change it, although the exact role they played is still hotly debated among historians. Maupeou, the Parlements, and Constitutional Doubts From the 1750s, it became increasingly clear to many Frenchmen that the constitution of France, based on an absolutist style of monarchy, was no longer working. This was partly due to failures in government, be they the squabbling instability of the kings ministers or embarrassing defeats in wars, somewhat a result of new enlightenment thinking, which increasingly undermined despotic monarchs, and partly due to the bourgeoisie seeking a voice in the administration. The ideas of public opinion, nation, and citizen emerged and grew, along with a sense that the states authority had to be defined and legitimized in a new, broader framework which took more notice of the people instead of simply reflecting the monarchs whims. People increasingly mentioned the Estates General, a three-chambered assembly which hadnt met since the seventeenth century, as a possible solution that would allow the people- or more of them, at least- to work with the monarch. There wasnt much demand to replace the monarch, as would happen in the revolution, but a desire to bring monarch and people into a closer orbit which gave the latter more say. The idea of a government- and king- operating with a series of constitutional checks and balances had grown to be vitally important in France, and it was the existing 13 parlements which were considered- or at least considered themselves- the vital check on the king. However, in 1771, the parlement of Paris refused to cooperate with the nations Chancellor Maupeou, and he responded by exiling the parlement, remodeling the system, abolishing the connected venal offices and creating a replacement disposed towards his wishes. The provincial parlements responded angrily and met with the same fate. A country which had wanted more checks on the king suddenly found that those they had were disappearing. The political situation seemed to be going backwards. Despite a campaign designed to win over the public, Maupeou never gained national support for his changes and they were canceled three years later when the new king, Louis XVI, responded to angry complaints by reversing all the changes. Unfortunately, the damage had been done: the parlements had been clearly shown as weak and subject to the kings wishes, not the invulnerable moderating element they wished to be. But what, thinkers in France asked, would act as a check on the king? The Estates General was a favorite answer. But the Estates General hadnt met for a long time, and the details were only sketchily remembered. The Financial Crisis and the Assembly of Notables The financial crisis which left the door open for revolution began during the American War of Independence, when France spent over a billion livres, the equivalent of the states entire income for a year. Almost all the money had been obtained from loans, and the modern world has seen what overstretched loans can do to an economy. The problems were initially managed by Jacques Necker, a French Protestant banker and the only non-noble in the government. His cunning publicity and accounting- his public balance sheet, the Compte rendu au roi, made the accounts look healthy- masked the scale of the problem from the French public, but by the chancellorship of Calonne, the state was looking for new ways to tax and meet their loan payments. Calonne came up with a package of changes which, had they been accepted, would have been the most sweeping reforms in the French crowns history. They included abolishing lots of taxes and replacing them with a land tax to be paid by everyone, including th e previously exempt nobles. He wanted a show of national consensus for his reforms and, rejecting the Estates General as too unpredictable, called a hand-picked Assembly of Notables which first met at Versailles on February 22nd, 1787. Less than ten were not noble and no similar assembly had been called since 1626. It was not a legitimate check on the king but meant to be a rubber stamp. Calonne had seriously miscalculated and, far from weakly accepting the proposed changes, the 144 members of the Assembly refused to sanction them. Many were against paying new tax, many had reasons to dislike Calonne, and many genuinely believed the reason they gave for refusing: no new tax should be imposed without the king first consulting the nation and, as they were unelected, they couldnt speak for the nation. Discussions proved fruitless and, eventually, Calonne was replaced with Brienne, who tried again before dismissing the Assembly in May. Brienne then tried to pass his own version of Calonnes changes through the parlement of Paris, but they refused, again citing the Estates General as the only body which could accept new taxes. Brienne exiled them to Troyes before working on a compromise, proposing that the Estates General would meet in 1797; he even began a consultation to work out how it should be formed and run. But for all the goodwill earned, more was lost as the king and his government began forcing laws through using the arbitrary practice of lit de justice. The king is even recorded as responding to complaints by saying its legal because I wish it (Doyle, The Oxford History of the French Revolution, 2002, p. 80), further fueling worries over the constitution. The growing financial crises reached its climax in 1788 as the disrupted state machinery, caught between changes of the system, couldnt bring in the required sums, a situation exacerbated as bad weather ruined the harvest. The treasury was empty and no-one was willing to accept more loans or changes. Brienne tried to create support by bringing the date of the Estates General forward to 1789, but it didnt work and the treasury had to suspend all payments. France was bankrupt. One of Briennes last actions before resigning was persuading King Louis XVI to recall Necker, whose return was greeted with jubilation by the general public. He recalled the Paris parlement and made it clear he was just tiding the nation over until the Estates General meet. Bottom Line The short version of this story is that financial troubles caused a populace who, awakened by the Enlightenment to demand more say in government, refused to solve those financial issues until they had a say. No one realized the extent of what would happen next.

The 1780s Crisis and the Causes of the French Revolution

The 1780s Crisis and the Causes of the French Revolution The French Revolution resulted from two state crises which emerged during the 1750s–80s, one constitutional and one financial, with the latter providing a tipping point in 1788/89 when desperate action by government ministers backfired and unleashed a revolution against the Ancien Regime. In addition to these, there was the growth of the bourgeoisie, a social order whose new wealth, power, and opinions undermined the older feudal social system of France. The bourgeoisie were, in general, highly critical of the pre-revolutionary regime and acted to change it, although the exact role they played is still hotly debated among historians. Maupeou, the Parlements, and Constitutional Doubts From the 1750s, it became increasingly clear to many Frenchmen that the constitution of France, based on an absolutist style of monarchy, was no longer working. This was partly due to failures in government, be they the squabbling instability of the kings ministers or embarrassing defeats in wars, somewhat a result of new enlightenment thinking, which increasingly undermined despotic monarchs, and partly due to the bourgeoisie seeking a voice in the administration. The ideas of public opinion, nation, and citizen emerged and grew, along with a sense that the states authority had to be defined and legitimized in a new, broader framework which took more notice of the people instead of simply reflecting the monarchs whims. People increasingly mentioned the Estates General, a three-chambered assembly which hadnt met since the seventeenth century, as a possible solution that would allow the people- or more of them, at least- to work with the monarch. There wasnt much demand to replace the monarch, as would happen in the revolution, but a desire to bring monarch and people into a closer orbit which gave the latter more say. The idea of a government- and king- operating with a series of constitutional checks and balances had grown to be vitally important in France, and it was the existing 13 parlements which were considered- or at least considered themselves- the vital check on the king. However, in 1771, the parlement of Paris refused to cooperate with the nations Chancellor Maupeou, and he responded by exiling the parlement, remodeling the system, abolishing the connected venal offices and creating a replacement disposed towards his wishes. The provincial parlements responded angrily and met with the same fate. A country which had wanted more checks on the king suddenly found that those they had were disappearing. The political situation seemed to be going backwards. Despite a campaign designed to win over the public, Maupeou never gained national support for his changes and they were canceled three years later when the new king, Louis XVI, responded to angry complaints by reversing all the changes. Unfortunately, the damage had been done: the parlements had been clearly shown as weak and subject to the kings wishes, not the invulnerable moderating element they wished to be. But what, thinkers in France asked, would act as a check on the king? The Estates General was a favorite answer. But the Estates General hadnt met for a long time, and the details were only sketchily remembered. The Financial Crisis and the Assembly of Notables The financial crisis which left the door open for revolution began during the American War of Independence, when France spent over a billion livres, the equivalent of the states entire income for a year. Almost all the money had been obtained from loans, and the modern world has seen what overstretched loans can do to an economy. The problems were initially managed by Jacques Necker, a French Protestant banker and the only non-noble in the government. His cunning publicity and accounting- his public balance sheet, the Compte rendu au roi, made the accounts look healthy- masked the scale of the problem from the French public, but by the chancellorship of Calonne, the state was looking for new ways to tax and meet their loan payments. Calonne came up with a package of changes which, had they been accepted, would have been the most sweeping reforms in the French crowns history. They included abolishing lots of taxes and replacing them with a land tax to be paid by everyone, including th e previously exempt nobles. He wanted a show of national consensus for his reforms and, rejecting the Estates General as too unpredictable, called a hand-picked Assembly of Notables which first met at Versailles on February 22nd, 1787. Less than ten were not noble and no similar assembly had been called since 1626. It was not a legitimate check on the king but meant to be a rubber stamp. Calonne had seriously miscalculated and, far from weakly accepting the proposed changes, the 144 members of the Assembly refused to sanction them. Many were against paying new tax, many had reasons to dislike Calonne, and many genuinely believed the reason they gave for refusing: no new tax should be imposed without the king first consulting the nation and, as they were unelected, they couldnt speak for the nation. Discussions proved fruitless and, eventually, Calonne was replaced with Brienne, who tried again before dismissing the Assembly in May. Brienne then tried to pass his own version of Calonnes changes through the parlement of Paris, but they refused, again citing the Estates General as the only body which could accept new taxes. Brienne exiled them to Troyes before working on a compromise, proposing that the Estates General would meet in 1797; he even began a consultation to work out how it should be formed and run. But for all the goodwill earned, more was lost as the king and his government began forcing laws through using the arbitrary practice of lit de justice. The king is even recorded as responding to complaints by saying its legal because I wish it (Doyle, The Oxford History of the French Revolution, 2002, p. 80), further fueling worries over the constitution. The growing financial crises reached its climax in 1788 as the disrupted state machinery, caught between changes of the system, couldnt bring in the required sums, a situation exacerbated as bad weather ruined the harvest. The treasury was empty and no-one was willing to accept more loans or changes. Brienne tried to create support by bringing the date of the Estates General forward to 1789, but it didnt work and the treasury had to suspend all payments. France was bankrupt. One of Briennes last actions before resigning was persuading King Louis XVI to recall Necker, whose return was greeted with jubilation by the general public. He recalled the Paris parlement and made it clear he was just tiding the nation over until the Estates General meet. Bottom Line The short version of this story is that financial troubles caused a populace who, awakened by the Enlightenment to demand more say in government, refused to solve those financial issues until they had a say. No one realized the extent of what would happen next.

Organizational globalization in human resources Essay

Organizational globalization in human resources - Essay Example This will play a pivotal role within the understandings that are reached between the organizations and the different processes that are happening on a global level. It is very necessary for the stakeholders to realize their respective roles within the organization globalization realms as it gives them a clear cut idea as to how they should take care of their money and invest within such quarters that has a very global feel towards the ideology of building the competencies of the organization (Guillen 2001). This will reap rich results for the organization as it is bent upon going global in order to seek the best possible outcomes, which indeed is a very enticing proposition for any business at the end of the day. The definition of organizational globalization is â€Å"putting the local domains of a business in the perspective of the global industry†. This helps the organization to maneuver its basis within the international dynamics as well as helps it build upon the premise of a positive change, one that will bring about solid results. The definition of organizational globalization has therefore focused on the agenda of bringing a basis of worldliness with the norms and procedures that are followed within the organizations. It gives the companies a kind of leverage that is not very hard to envision, and more so because these organizations have adequately understood how their processes and related undertakings are going to be taken care of. If the element of globalization comes into the equation, there is a sense of doing things in accordance with the global regimes – an achievement for the organization in its own right. The fact that organizational globalization has been able to create a huge difference within the work realms is something that can be taken as a positive. It gives the companies the much needed boost as far as complying with their local working basis is concerned. It also

Organizational Restructuring, Changes in Strategic Management, Essay

Organizational Restructuring, Changes in Strategic Management, Deregulation in T-Mobile - Essay Example The service sector in the United States that T-Mobile is breaking into has been growing consistently with an urbanizing global market in terms of providing services, and the dependence is necessary to focus upon in terms of putting the consumer first. Management seems to reflect this through the strengths of planning for customer service and effective target marketing. T-Mobile management must act in a very dynamic and competitive industry. The United States also occupies a strong position in the services market and has many advantages in this sector because international companies are becoming used to an atmosphere of deregulation that has expanded domestically. This allows corporations to take more advantage of being agents of change in previously regulated industries, in which products and services are now subject to the laws of supply and demand rather than the laws of the government. Therefore the company’s product strategy revolves around the provision of cell-phones and cell-phone services in this competitive environment, with an eye on the future of Wi-Fi, which seems to show effective managerial planning. T-Mobile managers have also shown strengths of organizing in a deregulated market and adapting to quick changes. Deregulation required that established companies to offer open access to communications channels instead of charging competitors or denying them access and thus eliminated this entry barrier in the telecommunications industry. In the second barrier, that of cost disadvantages independent of scale, an established company may have proprietary rights to certain technologies which make it difficult or impossible for a competitor to gain a real foothold in the industry. These types of situations can sometimes be handled legally, but this is not cost-effective for the company just starting out in the market. An established  competitor could also simply have so much experience in an industry that it is able to outdistance competitors and potential entrants on this virtue alone.

Austria: The Cause of World War One Essay -- World History

The nation responsible for the onset of World War I is Austria-Hungary because of the territorial and political stances with Serbia that provoked the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand. After Ferdinand's death, Austria-Hungary initiated a call for support to the Germans about the problems in the Balkans, resulting in Germany confirming their assistance by issuing a â€Å"Blank Check.† Austria later gave Serbia a list of ultimatums that consisted of extreme demands in hopes of Serbia rejecting it. Since Serbia is a country where Slavic nationalism was idealized, it refused the idea of Austria gaining the right to control the investigation of Franz Ferdinand's assassination and have authority over the state of Serbia and this did in fact compel Serbia to reject the ultimatums. Austria knew that Serbia would not accept this list of ultimatums and therefore sent it as a rational motive to declare a war. Not long after, Austria declared war on Serbia, and Germany, Aus tria's ally, declared war on Russia, an ally of Serbia. The underlying causes of World War I can be related back to the conflicts involving Austria-Hungary and the territory of Bosnia-Herzegovia. In 1878, Serbia became independent from the Ottoman nation. With this independence, Serbia anticipated that their region would include the South Slavs in Bosnia and Herzegovia. Slavic nationalists in Serbia were in hopes of seceding from the Austro- Hungarian empire. In 1879, the Congress of Berlin placed Bosnia-Herzegovia under Austrian rule, shattering the nationalist's hopes of gaining that territory. Bosnia did not want to be under rule by a multinational state like Austria and the Austrians were not fond about Serbia promoting Slavic nationalism. The Austrian gove... ...9, Appendices 1 and 2, 1914. The Great War Primary Documents Archive, Inc. 1995 Conklin, Dennis. Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (June 28, 1914). The University of Southern Mississippi. Lecture. 4 April 2012. Franz Joseph. Autograph Letter of Franz Joseph to the Kaiser, Vienna, 2 July 1914. The Great War Primary Documents Archive, Inc. 1995. 7 April 1996 Conklin, Dennis. Tactical and Technical Developments. The University of Southern Mississippi. Lecture. 4 April 2012 The Serbian Blue Book. No 37, 11 July 1914. The Great War Primary Documents Archive, Inc 1995 The Austro-Hungarian Red Book. Section 1, Nos- 1-19, Appendices 1 and 2, 1914. The Great War Primary Documents Archive, Inc. 1995 The German White Book. Germany's Reasons for War with Russia. Messrs. Liebheit and Thiesen of Berlin. The Great War Primary Document Archive, Inc. 1995

Cool hand luke

Cool Hand Luke Film Analysis In class we watched the film â€Å"Cool Hand Luke†, which is about the protagonist Luke, who is arrested for destroying several parking meters late one night while drunk in a small town, Luke was sentenced to prison. Luke was rebellious with little respect for authority, had more spunk than good sense. Luke gains the respect of his fellow inmates by his frequent escape attempts and refusal to break under to harsh punishment. The inmates enjoyed Lake's fearless behavior and ambition for trying to succeed while he was incarcerated. Luke never backed down from a fight or a halogen.Luke was well liked to where his fellow inmates gave him the nickname â€Å"Cool Hand Luke. † To be honest, in my first attempt of watching the film â€Å"Cool Hand Luke† I did not enjoy the film, After watching the film a couple of times it sort of hit me with all of the things the film used to have symbolism and to reference the film to The Bible. There were many examples, but only a few stood out to me such as: like the apostle, Luke. Lake's identification number is thirty seven, which in reference refers to the Book of Luke 1:37, † For with God no thing shall be James Bible).In the film Luke devoured fifty eggs. Which In reference was for the fifty prisoners. So Luke therefore â€Å"absorbed† all of their sins once he ate all the eggs. After eating the eggs Luke was left on the table to recovery from cruelly over feeding his body, Luke is laying down on the table In the shape of a cross. (Referred in the picture below (IAMB. Com) After a couple of viewings of â€Å"Cool Hand Luke† I can truly appreciate this great American classic and see why It was rated In the top 100 films of America by IAMB and ETC. I can truly appreciate how the movie was nominated for four AcademyAwards and see why It at least won one award, this film Is truly beautiful and Inspiring It Is one that should be a mandatory must watch. Cool hand Luke By mosquitoes refers to the Book of Luke 1:37, † For with God no thing shall be impossible. â€Å"(King James Bible). In the film Luke devoured fifty eggs. Which in reference was for the fifty body, Luke is laying down on the table in the shape of a cross. (Referred in the American classic and see why it was rated in the top 100 films of America by IAMB Awards and see why it at least won one award, this film is truly beautiful and inspiring it is one that should be a mandatory must watch.

The Museum Is The Cartonnage Of Nespanetjerenpare

The Ancient Egyptian artifact that I chose to analyze and is the most interesting piece I have seen in the museum is the Cartonnage of Nespanetjerenpare. The artwork itself was larger than me and that was one of the reasons why this artwork was very interesting to me, since I am a fairly tall individual. It was created during the Third intermediate period that was around Dynasty XXII or the twenty second Dynasty of Ancient Egypt and was possibly acquired from Thebes. The dynasty was also known as the Bubastite dynasty which was approxamently from 945-718 B.C. The materials used to create the Cartonnage of Nespanetjerenpare are linen, plaster, paint, glass and lapis lazuli. The cartonnage was made with the linen mixed in with the plaster. In order to accomplish the mixture of linen and plaster the Egyptians probably had to use a bucket, linen, plaster and lukewarm water. The Egyptians would use the bucket to mix the two substances. First the Egyptians would need to premix the plaster and linen flour. Secondly they would pour clean warm water into the bucket (which would presumably be from the Nile River). Next the Egyptians would add the dry plaster and linen into the water. After the Egyptians have finished sifting and could not see anymore standing water they would leave the bucket for a few moments until the substances were ready to stir. Finally when the Egyptians were ready, they stirred the bucket and eliminated all the lumps that may have been produced in the